第三單元：(A)資料檢視與繪圖
中山大學管理學院 卓雍然
2019-03-07 10:30:21
【CASE 1】世界衛生組織資料集 WHO Dataset
載入資料 Loading Data
WHO = read.csv("data/WHO.csv")資料總覽 Data Summary
summary(WHO) Country Region Population Under15
Afghanistan : 1 Africa :46 Min. : 1 Min. :13.1
Albania : 1 Americas :35 1st Qu.: 1696 1st Qu.:18.7
Algeria : 1 Eastern Mediterranean:22 Median : 7790 Median :28.6
Andorra : 1 Europe :53 Mean : 36360 Mean :28.7
Angola : 1 South-East Asia :11 3rd Qu.: 24535 3rd Qu.:37.8
Antigua and Barbuda: 1 Western Pacific :27 Max. :1390000 Max. :50.0
(Other) :188
Over60 FertilityRate LifeExpectancy ChildMortality CellularSubscribers
Min. : 0.81 Min. :1.26 Min. :47.0 Min. : 2.20 Min. : 2.57
1st Qu.: 5.20 1st Qu.:1.83 1st Qu.:64.0 1st Qu.: 8.43 1st Qu.: 63.57
Median : 8.53 Median :2.40 Median :72.5 Median : 18.60 Median : 97.75
Mean :11.16 Mean :2.94 Mean :70.0 Mean : 36.15 Mean : 93.64
3rd Qu.:16.69 3rd Qu.:3.90 3rd Qu.:76.0 3rd Qu.: 55.98 3rd Qu.:120.81
Max. :31.92 Max. :7.58 Max. :83.0 Max. :181.60 Max. :196.41
NA's :11 NA's :10
LiteracyRate GNI PrimarySchoolEnrollmentMale PrimarySchoolEnrollmentFemale
Min. :31.1 Min. : 340 Min. : 37.2 Min. : 32.5
1st Qu.:71.6 1st Qu.: 2335 1st Qu.: 87.7 1st Qu.: 87.3
Median :91.8 Median : 7870 Median : 94.7 Median : 95.1
Mean :83.7 Mean :13321 Mean : 90.8 Mean : 89.6
3rd Qu.:97.8 3rd Qu.:17558 3rd Qu.: 98.1 3rd Qu.: 97.9
Max. :99.8 Max. :86440 Max. :100.0 Max. :100.0
NA's :91 NA's :32 NA's :93 NA's :93 基本資料檢視 Basic Data Examination
15歲以下人口比率
mean(WHO$Under15)[1] 28.73sd(WHO$Under15)[1] 10.53summary(WHO$Under15) Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
13.1 18.7 28.6 28.7 37.8 50.0 15歲以下人口比率最低的國家
which.min(WHO$Under15)[1] 86WHO$Country[86][1] Japan
194 Levels: Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda ... ZimbabweWHO$Country[ which.min(WHO$Under15) ][1] Japan
194 Levels: Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda ... Zimbabwe15歲以下人口比率最高的國家
which.max(WHO$Under15)[1] 124WHO$Country[124][1] Niger
194 Levels: Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda ... ZimbabweWHO$Country[which.max(WHO$Under15)][1] Niger
194 Levels: Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda ... Zimbabwe點狀圖 Scatterplot
plot(WHO$GNI, WHO$FertilityRate)
abline(v=10000, h=2.5, col='pink')
資料篩選 Subsetting
Outliers = subset(WHO, GNI > 10000 & FertilityRate > 2.5)
nrow(Outliers)[1] 7Outliers[c("Country","GNI","FertilityRate")] Country GNI FertilityRate
23 Botswana 14550 2.71
56 Equatorial Guinea 25620 5.04
63 Gabon 13740 4.18
83 Israel 27110 2.92
88 Kazakhstan 11250 2.52
131 Panama 14510 2.52
150 Saudi Arabia 24700 2.76Outliers[Outliers$GNI>10000 & Outliers$FertilityRate > 2.5,
c("Country","GNI","FertilityRate")] Country GNI FertilityRate
23 Botswana 14550 2.71
56 Equatorial Guinea 25620 5.04
63 Gabon 13740 4.18
83 Israel 27110 2.92
88 Kazakhstan 11250 2.52
131 Panama 14510 2.52
150 Saudi Arabia 24700 2.76直方圖 Histogram
hist(WHO$CellularSubscribers)
盒狀圖 Boxplot
boxplot(WHO$LifeExpectancy ~ WHO$Region, las=2)
boxplot(WHO$LifeExpectancy ~ WHO$Region,
xlab = "", ylab = "Life Expectancy",
main = "Life Expectancy of Countries by Region")
分類數量功能 table()
table(WHO$Region)
Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe
46 35 22 53
South-East Asia Western Pacific
11 27 分類統計功能 table()
tapply(WHO$Over60, WHO$Region, mean) Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe
5.221 10.944 5.620 19.775
South-East Asia Western Pacific
8.769 10.163 tapply(WHO$LiteracyRate, WHO$Region, min) Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe
NA NA NA NA
South-East Asia Western Pacific
NA NA tapply(WHO$LiteracyRate, WHO$Region, min, na.rm=TRUE) Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe
31.1 75.2 63.9 95.2
South-East Asia Western Pacific
56.8 60.6 【CASE 2】食物成分資料 USDA Dataset
載入、檢視資料 Video2 - Reading in the Dataset
USDA = read.csv("data/USDA.csv")
summary(USDA) ID Description
Min. : 1001 BEEF,CHUCK,UNDER BLADE CNTR STEAK,BNLESS,DENVER CUT,LN,0" FA: 2
1st Qu.: 8387 CAMPBELL,CAMPBELL'S SEL MICROWAVEABLE BOWLS,HEA : 2
Median :13294 OIL,INDUSTRIAL,PALM KERNEL (HYDROGENATED),CONFECTION FAT : 2
Mean :14260 POPCORN,OIL-POPPED,LOFAT : 2
3rd Qu.:18337 ABALONE,MIXED SPECIES,RAW : 1
Max. :93600 ABALONE,MXD SP,CKD,FRIED : 1
(Other) :7048
Calories Protein TotalFat Carbohydrate Sodium
Min. : 0 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0
1st Qu.: 85 1st Qu.: 2.29 1st Qu.: 0.72 1st Qu.: 0.00 1st Qu.: 37
Median :181 Median : 8.20 Median : 4.37 Median : 7.13 Median : 79
Mean :220 Mean :11.71 Mean : 10.32 Mean : 20.70 Mean : 322
3rd Qu.:331 3rd Qu.:20.43 3rd Qu.: 12.70 3rd Qu.: 28.17 3rd Qu.: 386
Max. :902 Max. :88.32 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :38758
NA's :1 NA's :1 NA's :1 NA's :1 NA's :84
SaturatedFat Cholesterol Sugar Calcium Iron
Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0 Min. : 0.00
1st Qu.: 0.17 1st Qu.: 0.0 1st Qu.: 0.0 1st Qu.: 9 1st Qu.: 0.52
Median : 1.26 Median : 3.0 Median : 1.4 Median : 19 Median : 1.33
Mean : 3.45 Mean : 41.6 Mean : 8.3 Mean : 74 Mean : 2.83
3rd Qu.: 4.03 3rd Qu.: 69.0 3rd Qu.: 7.9 3rd Qu.: 56 3rd Qu.: 2.62
Max. :95.60 Max. :3100.0 Max. :99.8 Max. :7364 Max. :123.60
NA's :301 NA's :288 NA's :1910 NA's :136 NA's :123
Potassium VitaminC VitaminE VitaminD
Min. : 0 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.0
1st Qu.: 135 1st Qu.: 0.0 1st Qu.: 0.1 1st Qu.: 0.0
Median : 250 Median : 0.0 Median : 0.3 Median : 0.0
Mean : 301 Mean : 9.4 Mean : 1.5 Mean : 0.6
3rd Qu.: 348 3rd Qu.: 3.1 3rd Qu.: 0.7 3rd Qu.: 0.1
Max. :16500 Max. :2400.0 Max. :149.4 Max. :250.0
NA's :409 NA's :332 NA's :2720 NA's :2834 簡單資料分析 Video 3 - Basic Data Analysis
鹽分含量： 當資料很大的時候
USDA$Sodium [1] 714 827 2 1395 560 629 842 690 621 700 604 364 344 330
[15] 330 406 321 965 1116 800 600 819 336 800 536 627 415 619
[29] 652 628 334 1529 1602 534 876 84 125 1200 1809 192 753 1671
[43] 1428 1370 966 1284 1552 1625 41 40 34 38 8 89 80 54
[57] 48 57 57 79 79 181 122 66 62 25 102 78 43 49
[71] 47 52 59 44 52 58 42 53 59 105 3 371 535 549
[85] 2280 517 127 106 115 60 66 61 44 50 17 52 44 111
[99] 95 48 968 54 1079 46 70 77 66 53 58 65 142 166
[113] 48 67 67 207 124 155 297 145 523 548 1156 1238 135 146
[127] 138 141 151 800 11 1696 42 59 106 535 549 346 515 368
[141] 3780 685 132 493 1131 655 617 612 21 133 158 1280 47 44
[155] 70 71 141 725 59 1150 702 135 1638 1705 1298 1499 1586 59
[169] 72 52 45 55 45 100 72 66 58 1529 80 196 876 776
[183] 576 43 371 106 1587 53 58 58 58 66 59 135 329 250
[197] 129 199 1808 751 704 105 66 81 61 68 129 162 94 146
[211] 164 110 92 92 696 1272 1671 1284 3663 77 16 76 23 17
[225] 18 160 83 1640 10 277 211 35 168 52 20 208 88 67
[239] 60 27 80 77 13 16 73 25 68 452 20 30 5 26
[253] 27 52 50 148 11 24 62 55 38 4 61 1135 38758 5
[267] 9 9 4 3 2 2964 314 26 31 30 344 8 23 8068
[281] 14 227 260 52 173 36 36 25 0 0 633 750 788 1133
[295] 1000 863 711 838 1074 868 955 568 568 497 504 353 1000 0
[309] 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 943 1018 836 589
[323] 658 734 1 0 30 30 30 30 658 853 0 0 0 0
[337] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[351] 0 1041 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[365] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 633 0
[379] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 786 450 36 545 150
[393] 751 657 785 615 700 4 2 28 2 833 590 630 654 700
[407] 646 580 733 0 788 1129 897 1094 1120 673 0 0 0 0
[421] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 864 6 6 6 5 6
[435] 7 6 6 0 879 0 0 886 0 0 646 580 755 829
[449] 729 0 59 536 714 0 900 670 1102 848 589 751 657 785
[463] 785 785 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 650 788 1265 1004 6
[477] 70 284 86 79 66 70 292 84 82 67 77 91 86 70
[491] 63 581 53 65 56 77 113 67 69 56 74 48 71 76
[505] 65 287 77 75 63 73 295 89 87 70 68 81 77 65
[519] 85 97 93 74 32 64 317 90 87 64 82 99 96 67
[533] 63 275 76 71 62 116 79 74 63 104 269 89 114 76
[547] 112 96 118 80 84 279 88 98 73 96 96 99 78 64
[561] 276 82 52 81 99 64 77 288 88 86 71 89 95 87
[575] 75 73 320 77 82 67 81 91 92 73 69 71 68 73
[589] 75 75 77 60 51 51 95 95 71 67 71 73 79 78
[603] 77 56 53 58 101 95 47 50 45 49 77 55 63 59
[617] 74 65 140 56 57 73 70 87 76 140 67 69 40 37
[631] 33 45 53 51 55 54 51 55 67 67 65 68 70 70
[645] 36 53 87 64 72 67 94 90 71 56 93 56 59 63
[659] 71 76 63 64 77 79 66 73 59 63 74 77 55 61
[673] 61 65 58 66 61 67 35 61 50 57 66 76 52 56
[687] 69 79 60 70 65 73 48 53 49 52 69 80 71 81
[701] 56 73 65 78 63 63 61 64 66 67 32 44 55 58
[715] 67 72 60 60 74 75 61 69 55 58 70 73 51 56
[729] 70 72 68 72 73 74 40 60 63 67 75 80 67 68
[743] 80 82 71 77 63 67 77 80 60 66 503 697 467 850
[757] 554 567 397 437 678 680 838 40 51 40 48 58 78 61
[771] 64 68 63 482 615 837 323 84 105 110 108 559 557 424
[785] 518 532 457 446 451 60 75 67 271 251 256 661 341 417
[799] 381 337 725 584 347 411 345 610 799 632 909 56 65 120
[813] 53 150 90 110 102 118 100 150 58 72 80 75 72 83
[827] 76 73 90 70 72 83 81 72 86 67 80 81 77 92
[841] 51 61 59 69 90 91 54 85 81 117 77 75 51 85
[855] 111 76 661 970 706 709 831 400 372 653 516 693 618 621
[869] 661 354 702 693 306 706 370 484 347 733 788 417 457 325
[883] 516 653 506 1558 303 532 524 288 516 603 573 702 773 732
[897] 637 381 740 680 301 630 778 484 381 716 685 621 690 816
[911] 731 706 635 391 650 739 359 672 338 706 515 26000 24000 8408
[925] 23875 24000 381 706 694 8031 653 6722 4957 3712 460 3833 50 11588
[939] 560 672 4843 424 4152 570 6580 4186 5356 577 4392 5730 3643 1164
[953] 1145 590 651 706 709 661 847 538 185 685 377 600 328 354
[967] 373 2643 633 198 143 156 1615 2733 215 430 7851 501 383 231
[981] 1778 187 166 196 366 331 420 416 565 272 406 524 387 524
[995] 387 362 385 387 387 362 354 369 369 369 408 384 369 362
[1009] 273 384 376 376 288 354 369 288 336 408 367 363 335 322
[1023] 318 405 347 425 352 355 359 327 230 354 184 347 484 690
[1037] 669 195 181 195 508 322 458 525 525 475 483 475 433 458
[1051] 508 424 525 407 542 450 605 516 702 645 702 387 645 484
[1065] 694 702 629 381 444 381 381 611 637 516 524 381 442 210
[1079] 381 680 706 516 698 381 516 516 722 778 694 710 381 516
[1093] 706 377 698 664 659 322 343 367 376 363 376 363 363 359
[1107] 351 347 325 347 355 347 359 402 487 363 349 167 437 167
[1121] 381 254 388 305 306 318 322 347 391 290 349 380 355 238
[1135] 331 392 388 327 226 339 254 353 264 327 346 327 363 359
[1149] 327 331 254 322 365 318 397 423 380 314 407 336 398 385
[1163] 238 355 415 391 339 363 318 424 367 376 319 359 334 376
[1177] 338 47 349 253 350 382 260 401 326 46 454 388 20 1325
[1191] 403 346 475 355 356 132 312 327 306 322 359 335 322 331
[1205] 196 196 355 196 196 196 196 229 196 196 335 196 196 167
[1219] 196 196 196 196 196 194 196 386 196 327 196 196 181 196
[1233] 424 190 196 196 2036 661 292 292 321 292 292 308 282 292
[1247] 305 285 719 844 867 625 656 688 781 813 719 234 400 167
[1261] 3202 299 339 364 361 343 736 707 732 788 729 555 192 376
[1275] 301 828 419 369 357 22 5053 5203 4090 2590 25 25 318 33
[1289] 10 173 194 20 612 30 980 1338 20 35 133 30 18 25
[1303] 17152 435 1067 2002 2071 409 587 325 331 331 325 325 331 325
[1317] 362 376 390 458 559 441 1334 732 1240 1297 680 497 1080 960
[1331] 1184 1071 846 1160 1112 1082 1059 722 1235 953 1055 1037 1120 844
[1345] 1078 1365 1203 1304 1245 830 1320 731 904 930 1374 1225 860 1329
[1359] 1117 820 1289 772 1293 1246 1484 981 386 697 697 1523 1653 1304
[1373] 876 1225 1127 1164 636 749 805 617 653 1140 1449 1004 2260 2010
[1387] 1013 827 911 1272 1173 1300 1015 1114 928 586 969 1322 1207 1182
[1401] 1220 1033 1179 1151 977 1117 827 1159 1118 1438 1242 1167 1249 1242
[1415] 1348 1248 1214 1084 1073 1105 1226 1184 1318 1275 836 1309 1095 1231
[1429] 1826 1976 821 1007 967 1046 1022 1036 1424 1430 1095 988 1025 1025
[1443] 927 1079 1143 974 1036 1039 1142 1188 1196 1070 1136 1213 1077 966
[1457] 919 1180 1192 1177 1201 1288 1127 679 1004 1018 946 1162 1342 954
[1471] 1431 1096 1056 1381 1369 1032 1858 994 796 540 880 946 507 1330
[1485] 1032 60 700 724 623 570 1540 848 848 1483 585 827 1420 848
[1499] 72 982 1010 1890 928 1034 928 936 732 1040 1087 1200 883 716
[1513] 1055 900 816 3 936 807 1160 1200 852 1013 1090 659 922 752
[1527] 910 593 652 876 665 1120 1240 258 634 459 676 754 725 742
[1541] 571 424 633 577 868 774 723 10 309 763 715 732 458 10
[1555] 371 630 774 25 507 431 571 541 825 633 513 630 417 50
[1569] 625 690 740 425 424 889 561 5 658 387 462 186 94 853
[1583] 714 633 563 416 102 638 871 4 11 719 552 704 1 2
[1597] 1050 188 1679 1219 6 1 7 6 124 18 15 4 850 170
[1611] 680 161 18 17 5 10 19 4 6 4 278 49 453 482
[1625] 135 599 485 151 11 2 6 1 667 475 13 2 2 0
[1639] 5 6 2 4 3 4 1 2 1 223 2 223 2 223
[1653] 2 223 173 129 151 3 126 76 10 108 71 82 238 233
[1667] 225 188 219 491 19 374 586 3 207 670 450 479 612 33
[1681] 345 341 364 648 54 465 234 1310 533 499 516 2 5 7
[1695] 3 3 630 46 55 614 509 350 194 698 434 3 70 475
[1709] 36 699 751 469 527 383 607 576 593 556 701 576 515 376
[1723] 633 459 240 309 554 53 449 409 491 640 236 432 700 2
[1737] 2 2 3 550 5 574 766 733 909 464 897 774 632 419
[1751] 823 473 509 825 953 6 4 6 238 383 394 613 13 190
[1765] 253 10 8 204 165 587 805 418 3 573 493 523 538 700
[1779] 590 457 206 485 1764 1557 1518 1930 3 8 472 1 233 3
[1793] 625 570 380 759 241 900 10 576 466 10 10 700 5 455
[1807] 461 517 18 630 418 527 813 1070 710 816 795 850 319 3
[1821] 3 571 600 726 386 472 234 456 456 303 246 3 0 568
[1835] 229 476 500 560 488 724 567 279 49 261 249 247 252 268
[1849] 215 448 251 231 328 34 45 7 4 4 714 4 490 607
[1863] 500 579 328 524 235 385 244 242 12 570 629 738 605 451
[1877] 2 438 383 195 276 649 471 415 227 380 375 423 298 449
[1891] 437 377 494 464 520 10 5 443 659 627 17 364 382 725
[1905] 719 725 47 477 637 548 372 345 304 521 572 478 492 760
[1919] 4 559 672 580 597 7 3 1 0 1 1 3 3 124
[1933] 26 87 20 19 3 3 4 25 7 2 2 1 3 11
[1947] 4 2 4 4 11 13 13 5 10 4 3 4 3 7
[1961] 8 2 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 3
[1975] 1 2 2 3 7 3 7 7 7 7 1 0 1 3
[1989] 3 3 3 1 1 2 3 29 32 2 1 8 4 2
[2003] 6 1 1 1 1 1 10 4 4 4 4 6 6 6
[2017] 3 5 6 6 5 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
[2031] 2 7 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 5 2 2 6 5
[2045] 5 7 2 NA 2 37 4 2 14 3 9 3 10 2
[2059] 1 21 1 6 2 2 16 1 3 1 0 48 1 15
[2073] 1 7 16 9 18 31 4 18 3 10 0 1 735 735
[2087] 1556 0 0 1 0 2 1 4 2 2 2 3 1 3
[2101] 3 2 5 6 1 1 3 1 8 9 5 28 6 6
[2115] 0 3 4 5 5 6 8 4 10 4 7 2 2 6
[2129] 7 1 2 4 2 5 5 5 6 3 3 4 1 2
[2143] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 3 4 5
[2157] 0 1 1 20 19 19 3 5 3 5 2 2 1 2
[2171] 4 1 4 12 11 28 11 1 3 1 4 2 1 6
[2185] 0 12 7 14 1 4 2 1 3 9 28 2 1 4
[2199] 3 0 6 3 1 1 4 3 6 5 19 5 4 2
[2213] 28 3 1 7 4 2 25 7 11 1 2 23 98 20
[2227] 4 1 1 5 6 1 8 7 5 7 7 4 5 9
[2241] 7 5 3 2 6 8 3 4 2 4 125 42 59 57
[2255] 11 32 47 56 47 60 55 64 73 77 76 80 84 81
[2269] 90 84 50 48 62 59 52 50 64 58 69 69 74 76
[2283] 73 70 76 78 55 73 55 83 58 75 56 86 56 70
[2297] 55 91 60 72 57 95 57 58 86 57 59 58 89 59
[2311] 53 57 48 66 44 46 49 67 45 47 65 68 76 75
[2325] 84 96 70 90 100 80 61 58 69 67 65 60 74 88
[2339] 81 93 55 120 91 24 18 191 167 132 56 35 25 121
[2353] 80 5 87 49 153 81 50 44 42 98 107 75 88 110
[2367] 109 833 2310 987 2099 1409 1546 560 1203 1500 1255 1135 1240 941
[2381] 2695 1386 1088 1063 1269 1284 1187 1516 1327 213 1424 505 624 1072
[2395] 1231 1250 973 73 63 25 99 88 85 94 84 87 1278 1385
[2409] 1276 1068 86 55 57 87 94 42 40 62 50 48 45 41
[2423] 65 52 50 63 58 52 67 60 91 63 56 65 66 63
[2437] 56 66 66 52 56 73 64 57 65 47 49 54 55 54
[2451] 57 1155 76 1210 58 1038 413 594 590 378 358 1016 209 205
[2465] 2193 2073 2428 40 27 1150 1170 1060 1374 1237 1390 1335 1310 861
[2479] 820 835 986 1267 1223 1193 1141 1045 1163 1180 1098 1040 1090 1070
[2493] 1160 1090 893 809 861 895 677 616 1050 870 1096 881 839 779
[2507] 838 1308 1099 936 990 1126 1011 964 1069 1101 988 1309 1212 1181
[2521] 1181 945 1188 1389 1335 841 801 821 1160 977 1179 826 846 737
[2535] 828 846 810 816 852 760 744 91 81 231 243 154 165 237
[2549] 232 226 234 239 230 155 151 722 76 73 54 54 53 50
[2563] 43 50 69 68 67 94 89 84 91 89 88 65 68 58
[2577] 58 84 72 58 64 67 58 81 70 6 20 21 22 18
[2591] 94 60 47 53 2 14 284 287 8 3 11 13 5 6
[2605] 4 4 7 6 7 8 17 252 58 69 52 29 6 10
[2619] 9 13 14 92 83 334 6 1 192 246 373 3 1 3
[2633] 3 78 77 143 194 226 241 50 41 33 41 24 11 17
[2647] 24 33 56 25 21 10 15 5 4 7 4 4 18 8
[2661] 27 28 28 24 65 34 9 9 170 176 69 58 240 242
[2675] 68 59 14 30 15 24 18 100 61 80 91 11 213 179
[2689] 2 1 2 45 50 3 118 53 23 20 16 48 50 46
[2703] 15 1 195 186 285 272 163 3 1 5 4 4 347 4
[2717] 4 4 6 5 4 3 4 4 7 6 14 8 2 2
[2731] 76 44 2 1 6 6 22 17 13 2 2 3 21 9
[2745] 9 2 2 4 9 70 8 11 43 23 15 15 15 9
[2759] 9 21 20 21 11 43 29 20 10 11 10 5 8 10
[2773] 28 40 45 25 13 12 5 2 12 425 9 6 5 13
[2787] 4 25 16 29 25 21 14 130 107 8 6 3 3 4
[2801] 3 21 371 12 12 12 10 8 16 15 17 8 246 375
[2815] 56 10 10 4 4 4 5 5 3 185 273 254 231 108
[2829] 72 20 3 260 79 68 442 61 37 1173 3 2 1369 5
[2843] 4 17 5 5 12 23 18 6 5 16 18 14 7 12
[2857] 358 391 10 5 21 4 14 5 7 16 342 333 335 433
[2871] 217 219 104 164 67 257 82 172 2095 439 1578 341 22 34
[2885] 77 101 322 400 33 43 457 480 25 20 332 388 32 45
[2899] 490 613 49 317 373 55 529 5 6 11 8 1 1 5
[2913] 208 45 44 39 21 13 278 20 20 20 16 661 9 67
[2927] 233 48 15 11 15 14 14 10 14 79 70 319 322 74
[2941] 97 2 1 5 5 6 1 1 8 3 2 2 374 3
[2955] 4 3 4 4 2 2 7 8 5 17 18 4 17 245
[2969] 221 45 45 113 122 9 13 55 36 27 53 75 6 8
[2983] 11 15 3 2 1 2 50 54 13 5 11 143 221 401
[2997] 269 59 28 134 524 452 551 543 546 15 5 67 16 25
[3011] 36 40 29 277 12 15 18 19 198 224 149 47 35 24
[3025] 14 8 41 111 107 4 4 9 35 9 8 4 4 162
[3039] 264 80 88 70 4 3 12 42 43 70 45 35 391 140
[3053] 1671 193 16 59 2 1 4 1 44 39 472 153 51 66
[3067] 282 302 566 70 455 102 98 1048 872 7 217 764 10 8
[3081] 6 12 275 132 42 23 26 118 257 254 296 289 240 26
[3095] 240 249 242 240 243 253 4 265 289 246 250 319 287 6
[3109] 239 3 239 14 259 14 2 3 245 9 245 285 21 477
[3123] 324 277 27 27 27 262 260 260 257 259 240 240 18 18
[3137] 255 244 260 270 245 412 302 34 42 295 242 254 297 327
[3151] 415 237 289 252 286 253 12 3 3 245 240 240 241 239
[3165] 242 244 280 239 238 257 245 279 238 247 259 251 281 257
[3179] 265 246 281 238 240 252 261 250 343 241 239 239 248 244
[3193] 246 240 241 239 9 2 323 239 4 304 273 9 1173 4
[3207] 238 2 238 240 240 254 10 241 257 240 250 241 244 243
[3221] 252 256 281 32 23 433 335 237 241 242 244 280 249 254
[3235] 252 250 306 75 322 237 237 242 237 239 238 237 240 239
[3249] 240 238 244 241 254 253 281 358 249 246 263 244 251 238
[3263] 238 290 247 10 10 790 399 286 272 265 251 255 271 343
[3277] 240 244 242 240 15 3 253 213 12 323 285 3 272 3
[3291] 3 5 245 5 4 240 1369 5 4 240 21 247 246 250
[3305] 239 246 248 241 263 332 193 251 2 317 1114 875 11 457
[3319] 1208 14 1091 811 18 18 18 20 3 2 22 1 247 266
[3333] 52 1096 27 78 426 91 21 20 23 23 259 7 11 6
[3347] 25 9 2853 13 10 43 3 397 1 89 527 43 34 55
[3361] 18 35 384 17 21 17 1 1 0 9 25 23 31 53
[3375] 16 35 35 37 5 7 18 3 3 11 11 39 41 39
[3389] 39 9 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 1 19 3 1
[3403] 9 38 3 1 16 13 12 15 3 5 2 4 3 2
[3417] 37 37 27 20 37 285 20 37 4 36 15 13 105 0
[3431] 0 0 7 13 307 1 5 4 12 5 11 505 0 1
[3445] 1 3 2 72 1 6 2 2 28 25 18 115 2 12
[3459] 41 1 99 34 12 37 262 92 7 74 47 91 47 14
[3473] 5 19 1 130 30 256 588 410 410 613 331 339 339 640
[3487] 308 614 265 669 273 306 383 393 428 2541 215 35 55 59
[3501] 59 26 23 79 68 49 54 70 53 57 72 56 56 53
[3515] 63 60 49 50 65 58 64 64 52 187 63 64 52 65
[3529] 81 80 77 126 158 108 98 59 182 94 69 79 77 198
[3543] 101 57 67 60 85 57 7 96 116 69 65 97 68 52
[3557] 955 2253 1217 1134 1006 81 2790 73 73 1322 74 885 77 1131
[3571] 1258 76 1439 62 62 63 66 66 66 65 70 54 54 68
[3585] 77 47 48 54 55 61 64 71 63 67 64 65 73 73
[3599] 73 56 64 64 61 69 69 44 36 42 35 45 37 44
[3613] 36 43 36 46 38 38 37 39 38 38 39 35 35 35
[3627] 36 36 36 45 45 45 45 45 45 56 55 58 59 59
[3641] 59 59 56 61 60 59 62 61 58 63 64 63 66 65
[3655] 65 65 69 69 69 67 67 68 75 71 71 71 56 55
[3669] 51 58 63 42 43 42 96 73 92 81 67 77 87 85
[3683] 89 83 82 87 83 82 85 85 73 74 71 84 81 80
[3697] 82 58 63 57 62 58 63 54 63 69 64 59 48 72
[3711] 69 62 50 63 49 62 50 68 65 67 64 69 66 80
[3725] 79 81 55 63 64 54 63 64 55 64 65 53 62 65
[3739] 55 64 64 54 63 63 56 64 65 53 62 64 49 53
[3753] 63 48 49 63 49 58 64 53 63 65 88 82 54 62
[3767] 54 62 56 43 35 53 42 34 60 43 35 58 37 55
[3781] 37 62 37 58 63 58 63 58 64 81 65 60 45 41
[3795] 57 45 40 68 63 45 41 51 61 86 80 52 64 53
[3809] 66 52 54 51 52 52 57 53 64 50 54 57 50 52
[3823] 65 50 57 57 49 59 55 52 56 51 54 71 53 57
[3837] 74 74 68 68 56 58 57 59 56 53 52 50 51 56
[3851] 53 41 73 68 68 68 42 42 54 54 85 85 86 79
[3865] 67 76 70 94 75 75 75 82 55 73 4 4 40 5
[3879] 3 71 6 57 274 47 44 102 61 5 1 2 1 1
[3893] 0 9 5 29 29 20 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
[3907] NA 5 NA NA NA NA 131 NA NA 21 NA 21 NA NA
[3921] NA 12 NA NA NA 7 21 NA NA 15 6 10 9 4
[3935] 4 4 4 12 6 NA 10 38 12 39 13 NA NA 5
[3949] 16 103 46 210 58 72 47 362 504 73 800 876 850 2
[3963] 14 37 500 2 14 37 4 23 4 277 7 317 180 557
[3977] 83 5 2 2 3 2 3 55 3 4 10 38 8 5
[3991] 16 9 51 6 10 4 7 4 130 13 3 13 259 72
[4005] 405 79 594 87 190 60 3 2 14 3 97 81 38 48
[4019] 3 72 3 412 5 72 4 55 5 2 412 6 1 35
[4033] 1 1 72 4 10 5 17 5 81 4 5 8 92 8
[4047] 49 659 61 24 10 26 10 83 3 4 4 0 0 0
[4061] 54 0 1 1 1 63 39 22 13 4 21 33 20 1
[4075] 1 8 9 16 653 7 4 4 0 1 5 1 1 88
[4089] 7 2 136 50 0 42 3 4 3 0 5 14 13 13
[4103] 15 21 21 14 16 21 21 21 21 21 28 28 33 28
[4117] 126 27 35 75 31 17 52 3 54 14 49 29 2 8
[4131] 14 39 12 14 45 36 36 25 61 3 8 0 104 3668
[4145] 70 69 60 97 89 49 63 43 280 1500 55 481 54 78
[4159] 218 7027 303 56 348 31 88 75 51 65 421 296 363 524
[4173] 53 53 213 261 763 68 82 80 90 115 870 918 74 135
[4187] 59 90 83 379 158 86 59 66 72 18 65 71 287 347
[4201] 61 62 79 39 49 51 86 333 419 65 76 74 89 91
[4215] 72 56 737 44 784 47 50 487 46 53 75 403 112 134
[4229] 408 505 414 42 68 87 58 51 79 122 71 73 60 77
[4243] 64 57 29 54 69 739 40 80 143 81 97 53 59 52
[4257] 31 56 39 50 354 338 37 396 377 45 402 150 51 1019
[4271] 72 132 85 39 836 1072 841 293 395 395 330 295 539 58
[4285] 94 423 486 566 344 947 777 705 177 301 591 601 364 1202
[4299] 112 215 372 286 369 230 85 417 166 112 106 392 464 795
[4313] 44 306 206 412 2000 75 75 75 50 50 50 50 90 88
[4327] 77 124 114 372 40 113 96 103 95 173 76 203 110 92
[4341] 23 65 110 78 117 72 56 60 64 90 54 74 65 37
[4355] 51 103 67 47 54 192 65 109 50 378 691 227 744 460
[4369] 212 69 50 98 119 59 61 47 52 51 61 62 97 132
[4383] 178 163 58 153 173 167 433 381 52 56 386 378 5 8
[4397] 218 83 422 343 475 430 414 334 437 5 1 9 3 384
[4411] 6 1 332 18 6 14 2 4 24 1 296 11 4 12
[4425] 2 256 13 5 5 0 448 8 2 12 1 268 12 2
[4439] 12 5 16 6 5 13 5 453 35 24 7 278 522 58
[4453] 19 16 4 299 350 21 7 6 2 18 2 336 13 3
[4467] 15 4 30 10 15 2 10 38 7 15 2 18 751 420
[4481] 679 22 433 1 772 10 433 486 459 180 1 17 5 449
[4495] 1465 10 888 2 1 163 2 3728 7 9 13 12 20 9
[4509] 3 51 3 1005 5637 5586 5689 12 8 6 16 9 2873 17
[4523] 5 38 13 242 294 47 7 231 239 569 447 540 78 420
[4537] 366 64 379 5 36 63 53 476 53 430 438 375 14 1188
[4551] 40 362 338 575 492 492 4 4 2 66 66 49 37 50
[4565] 48 46 63 37 57 57 49 39 41 49 39 41 49 39
[4579] 39 35 58 61 41 41 41 13 12 13 15 15 15 12
[4593] 15 15 15 67 67 67 4 79 7 4 28 26 23 2
[4607] 34 33 244 237 239 237 242 238 238 240 238 208 241 237
[4621] 238 238 212 238 241 242 241 243 246 212 255 240 243 238
[4635] 238 239 240 246 238 243 238 6 6 6 6 6 17 17
[4649] 356 241 237 4 13 12 9 18 3 900 900 50 50 3333
[4663] 14 7 6 16 2873 241 249 472 481 443 471 222 508 613
[4677] 401 453 456 344 401 416 612 313 480 532 708 460 417 451
[4691] 530 642 452 758 671 517 819 667 859 651 1463 717 632 1463
[4705] 670 422 501 725 346 389 758 702 835 682 714 666 678 597
[4719] 758 545 695 564 385 441 363 479 581 671 565 705 386 695
[4733] 695 387 530 656 519 549 574 1078 609 551 208 192 429 194
[4747] 567 58 72 66 76 31 58 72 72 79 74 56 66 62
[4761] 68 57 65 61 66 56 68 64 71 56 77 64 68 84
[4775] 66 56 76 73 72 85 81 61 75 78 66 70 79 83
[4789] 68 60 72 77 65 69 76 82 67 62 75 82 66 70
[4803] 79 88 68 65 70 76 39 46 46 50 22 35 45 47
[4817] 50 49 40 43 44 45 37 49 45 55 40 43 52 48
[4831] 41 51 47 56 82 87 86 89 26 57 63 67 454 76
[4845] 68 64 67 455 77 68 85 80 93 91 84 96 89 95
[4859] 92 95 99 97 91 95 96 92 97 97 83 87 90 86
[4873] 90 91 95 98 100 97 101 102 76 79 83 80 81 85
[4887] 83 93 82 83 51 54 NA 71 76 70 51 59 78 82
[4901] 54 57 NA 60 53 56 57 60 51 54 58 61 82 86
[4915] 53 55 65 69 82 95 58 41 47 37 50 45 79 103
[4929] 119 112 134 157 127 156 176 89 63 77 58 156 151 178
[4943] 110 70 56 124 77 78 85 157 84 108 56 59 75 52
[4957] 67 68 84 58 97 58 67 59 78 67 82 64 59 81
[4971] 59 72 72 72 57 67 58 65 56 68 59 78 64 58
[4985] 77 74 63 74 82 66 61 72 78 65 63 75 83 67
[4999] 41 46 45 47 41 44 39 50 42 44 42 52 51 48
[5013] 59 49 71 65 64 66 68 84 93 85 94 74 76 83
[5027] 80 33 51 96 93 106 100 73 70 81 72 75 67 81
[5041] 69 70 78 80 83 59 64 64 66 61 65 64 66 70
[5055] 78 75 80 68 77 81 82 76 85 88 91 72 73 83
[5069] 78 78 88 90 94 66 73 53 57 62 52 41 47 79
[5083] 85 54 51 50 75 78 57 52 57 45 517 480 505 433
[5097] 346 590 942 1276 955 987 1000 999 1080 580 670 302 631 817
[5111] 778 658 538 412 540 513 720 398 584 420 457 407 448 470
[5125] 651 536 532 478 671 738 313 424 573 418 388 513 332 453
[5139] 303 660 725 519 611 486 553 491 592 336 359 472 583 732
[5153] 657 1405 524 1283 455 488 567 893 825 596 813 657 656 665
[5167] 664 687 657 482 303 690 290 209 232 503 326 351 350 274
[5181] 558 477 257 147 168 459 383 349 473 294 327 538 415 336
[5195] 397 436 368 338 83 94 406 243 406 412 9 281 357 422
[5209] 468 103 349 253 388 306 973 913 453 0 21 2 598 899
[5223] 837 592 253 1044 557 887 1116 865 888 901 918 913 807 704
[5237] 16 347 274 361 698 1089 371 322 354 298 557 326 402 397
[5251] 427 345 309 316 240 337 362 477 334 453 277 369 382 415
[5265] 364 396 495 256 251 548 247 795 430 393 700 495 505 1082
[5279] 628 1089 505 439 412 767 456 1419 572 571 753 729 409 467
[5293] 542 249 483 906 536 459 413 650 485 401 507 500 458 442
[5307] 544 157 357 304 765 832 389 424 334 45 686 638 511 572
[5321] 10600 7893 90 27360 52 30 51 1759 598 341 601 478 621 509
[5335] 527 522 415 672 560 285 515 482 730 534 534 534 1111 536
[5349] 390 27 351 400 665 657 351 315 147 19 198 766 216 190
[5363] 186 371 354 30 354 458 354 342 464 464 464 576 906 15
[5377] 11 478 341 413 604 219 716 301 334 350 320 380 350 423
[5391] 320 440 441 333 320 410 355 325 311 419 478 350 387 508
[5405] 359 284 442 559 591 306 274 290 385 308 270 200 331 384
[5419] 449 605 377 577 394 339 561 471 404 334 377 406 760 1532
[5433] 1680 357 386 590 223 457 1295 898 659 528 882 891 304 577
[5447] 292 1034 1059 773 2182 345 300 488 672 174 878 1410 1360 621
[5461] 710 663 682 566 312 354 413 330 503 353 472 393 409 745
[5475] 866 543 657 510 390 228 515 357 445 231 665 1148 752 544
[5489] 305 1167 1214 478 439 265 742 375 750 561 471 534 724 645
[5503] 476 283 479 686 240 2081 545 763 1022 952 950 910 635 278
[5517] 403 317 294 256 344 278 278 409 282 251 200 193 328 413
[5531] 741 8 1058 288 295 206 889 1818 750 549 411 541 1357 569
[5545] 1553 203 326 116 227 421 615 519 229 10 121 787 44 142
[5559] 261 295 230 391 107 245 122 44 12 24 88 11 16 26
[5573] 52 89 250 90 74 61 61 28 195 101 53 80 70 46
[5587] 225 11 45 39 118 47 42 36 44 38 50 54 196 230
[5601] 287 98 71 170 80 195 193 38 79 296 164 284 3 41
[5615] 41 36 178 82 64 74 86 167 317 21 68 2 50 61
[5629] 145 41 203 150 68 156 445 33 357 194 188 1 167 239
[5643] 2 68 194 198 226 299 1 6 21 19 61 281 84 0
[5657] 466 75 862 48 196 46 38 152 1429 284 351 432 353 98
[5671] 102 246 123 366 108 477 120 142 1441 286 268 87 635 156
[5685] 109 121 159 52 46 48 5 145 163 70 51 6 46 26050
[5699] 183 195 191 184 113 112 191 187 110 74 179 141 76 124
[5713] 245 13 234 156 39 264 64 330 63 4 273 246 96 4
[5727] 75 25 317 76 60 36 111 317 70 22 4 7 136 87
[5741] 15 358 4 32 30 79 156 56 37 224 146 172 2 200
[5755] 47 2 18 89 1499 290 788 158 1040 246 682 162 7 8
[5769] 40 1332 267 506 63 28 1 2 0 11 100 346 155 62
[5783] 2 35 12 8 189 61 104 71 15 349 80 42 42 15
[5797] 14 15 114 163 6 85 52 135 34 35 98 6 600 634
[5811] 234 179 316 254 1531 2667 132 388 480 600 167 252 633 110
[5825] 1488 488 283 458 492 554 1003 419 847 24 286 643 351 291
[5839] 246 283 602 429 342 11 491 2751 158 1499 788 849 8 754
[5853] 40 61 28 896 763 4 884 594 8 8 1715 289 289 26
[5867] 4 4 4 29 10 27 8 15 13 708 13 20 20 131
[5881] 97 0 102 94 10 120 71 73 73 69 67 164 87 66
[5895] 72 68 160 159 191 188 191 86 41 6 75 75 77 321
[5909] 9 48 76 24 10 20 23 11 2 3 572 264 4 6
[5923] 2 12 9 3 1 11 4 11 17 5 35 7 5 5
[5937] 1 5 35 7 1247 1319 1348 9 10 5 210 5 2 4
[5951] 1 5 7 5 2 4 1 5 1 2 2 10 4 1
[5965] 0 1 0 7 5 1866 568 5 5 0 2 2 2 2
[5979] 1 6 1 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 2
[5993] 2 1270 2 2 677 16 7 3 8 3 0 26 6 27
[6007] 6 83 74 6 1 8 5 43 6 8 3 21 5 72
[6021] 12 439 792 60 1840 161 378 6 1 8 5 8 3 36
[6035] 14 2 4 11 19 182 19 7 6 6 8 5 12 8
[6049] 8 5 165 5 5 5 35 131 7 1247 1319 1348 210 382
[6063] 2 1 21 5 6 1 7 5 1 2 2 1 0 1
[6077] 0 1 2 6 165 131 7 5 382 2 8 2 2 2
[6091] 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 672 819
[6105] 532 306 290 328 342 54 75 860 630 605 49 33 546 587
[6119] 560 525 531 525 427 395 671 520 457 426 302 212 238 350
[6133] 365 346 504 306 354 616 449 388 380 291 412 284 389 406
[6147] 272 181 280 335 409 377 238 238 353 238 433 238 238 238
[6161] 988 520 741 830 830 922 741 879 460 401 525 560 561 352
[6175] 326 333 682 336 448 494 557 225 238 385 290 329 666 628
[6189] 563 583 280 72 53 64 54 64 54 66 55 66 62 55
[6203] 57 52 59 60 60 61 59 58 62 74 78 75 76 54
[6217] 51 53 53 63 57 62 60 58 59 61 54 60 60 74
[6231] 77 54 52 62 58 58 81 93 85 69 70 69 81 82
[6245] 82 75 74 75 70 73 70 60 63 61 67 70 68 83
[6259] 76 81 67 68 65 80 81 79 65 66 65 62 59 68
[6273] 76 76 77 73 73 73 76 75 76 74 70 76 75 76
[6287] 65 64 66 67 66 69 80 82 76 70 70 71 78 75
[6301] 85 61 60 62 65 65 66 77 76 77 71 71 70 66
[6315] 66 68 69 70 60 59 64 65 63 56 56 55 67 67
[6329] 67 56 54 59 63 66 64 67 62 66 71 67 71 68
[6343] 70 65 59 56 60 56 59 55 68 60 68 61 68 59
[6357] 60 59 60 62 64 63 56 57 55 54 54 54 52 51
[6371] 54 50 50 50 63 63 61 64 65 65 85 70 70 69
[6385] 65 65 63 58 58 58 52 51 52 63 61 64 53 53
[6399] 52 57 65 62 61 65 55 61 52 63 63 64 61 62
[6413] 61 60 66 58 59 60 55 56 57 65 57 66 66 56
[6427] 86 87 76 87 88 82 56 56 85 54 55 81 89 87
[6441] 82 80 81 76 92 94 81 91 93 80 88 89 83 66
[6455] 95 66 55 74 57 71 68 64 74 71 68 60 73 68
[6469] 68 67 71 72 67 67 75 92 72 71 67 71 67 66
[6483] 65 71 85 58 66 68 75 87 61 66 72 79 89 64
[6497] 67 75 83 91 67 67 78 87 93 70 55 55 56 57
[6511] 66 62 62 62 38 39 43 46 59 54 74 60 38 56
[6525] 60 56 56 74 37 45 61 57 42 61 61 56 74 75
[6539] 56 53 57 57 56 36 39 42 45 57 57 57 58 58
[6553] 59 61 60 77 76 57 55 62 64 62 62 68 54 54
[6567] 54 58 54 54 52 58 57 59 55 53 61 58 46 NA
[6581] 627 884 7 8 462 418 333 268 318 341 260 35 423 771
[6595] 238 383 146 260 253 386 467 705 690 842 771 202 305 246
[6609] 450 321 293 486 312 167 854 486 367 966 400 75 225 233
[6623] 195 296 195 313 414 271 286 269 370 376 406 331 331 196
[6637] 167 167 167 327 327 571 643 381 381 167 167 196 196 195
[6651] 239 216 363 314 253 469 719 594 594 635 277 387 1200 343
[6665] 194 186 175 455 600 1647 667 371 983 824 280 58 198 280
[6679] 198 173 198 198 58 198 1000 333 148 58 198 21 95 656
[6693] NA NA 220 NA 78 NA NA 0 6 NA NA NA NA NA
[6707] 72 NA NA NA NA 26 NA NA 50 61 NA 61 NA 10
[6721] 59 NA 222 65 NA 70 NA NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA
[6735] NA NA NA NA NA 693 NA NA NA 110 NA 30 NA NA
[6749] 132 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 51 NA NA
[6763] NA 8 7 11 15 13 4 4 4 20 NA 126 135 79
[6777] 58 60 59 48 14 6 0 390 160 390 950 52 120 200
[6791] 600 460 870 52 57 190 56 49 43 130 41 43 50 2
[6805] 2850 118 130 4 420 671 511 810 86 51 14 13 14 109
[6819] 7 4 4 NA 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 310 45 24
[6833] 88 231 115 62 80 NA 25 2 60 10 45 298 27 663
[6847] 9 27 404 0 104 711 670 1038 1108 2285 97 72 229 1103
[6861] 193 1074 60 213 4 581 939 564 897 932 1180 838 878 773
[6875] 1041 140 2 266 231 81 63 63 1257 105 689 814 788 168
[6889] 1745 71 1528 45 1600 0 220 500 387 444 957 542 1587 3
[6903] 314 1020 271 2 152 983 634 0 52 203 389 600 743 28
[6917] 607 1209 710 867 208 939 1148 21 0 156 33 7 0 112
[6931] 7 101 780 12 251 805 725 4 2 709 490 471 711 550
[6945] 490 630 400 550 789 277 717 1674 626 7 428 385 1770 1200
[6959] 1120 12 11 213 50 509 717 58 106 95 403 470 1430 505
[6973] 1345 52 43 162 57 685 20 33 5 26 969 969 969 837
[6987] 905 63 500 14 8 308 13 110 15 70 996 996 91 1030
[7001] 1430 2 682 29 14 996 996 14 3 403 7 819 5 14
[7015] 2962 400 707 15 1 42 35 2 5 380 9690 92 311 12
[7029] 10 95 57 55 856 499 490 35 260 167 16 486 711 0
[7043] 2 1297 1435 2838 2 12 0 3326 1765 4250 29 58 4450 667
[7057] 70 68鹽分含量最高的食物
# Finding the index of the food with highest sodium levels
which.max(USDA$Sodium)[1] 265# Get the name of the food with highest sodium levels
USDA$Description[265][1] SALT,TABLE
7054 Levels: ABALONE,MIXED SPECIES,RAW ABALONE,MXD SP,CKD,FRIED ... ZWIEBACK高鹽食物
# Create a subset of the foods with sodium content above 10,000mg
HighSodium = subset(USDA, Sodium>10000)
# Count the number of rows, or observations
nrow(HighSodium)[1] 10# Output names of the foods with high sodium content
HighSodium$Description [1] SALT,TABLE
[2] SOUP,BF BROTH OR BOUILLON,PDR,DRY
[3] SOUP,BEEF BROTH,CUBED,DRY
[4] SOUP,CHICK BROTH OR BOUILLON,DRY
[5] SOUP,CHICK BROTH CUBES,DRY
[6] GRAVY,AU JUS,DRY
[7] ADOBO FRESCO
[8] LEAVENING AGENTS,BAKING PDR,DOUBLE-ACTING,NA AL SULFATE
[9] LEAVENING AGENTS,BAKING SODA
[10] DESSERTS,RENNIN,TABLETS,UNSWTND
7054 Levels: ABALONE,MIXED SPECIES,RAW ABALONE,MXD SP,CKD,FRIED ... ZWIEBACK魚子醬
# Finding the index of CAVIAR in the dataset
match("CAVIAR", USDA$Description)[1] 4154# Find amount of sodium in caviar
USDA$Sodium[4154][1] 1500# Doing it in one command!
USDA$Sodium[match("CAVIAR", USDA$Description)][1] 1500統計量
# Summary function over Sodium vector
summary(USDA$Sodium) Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
0 37 79 322 386 38758 84 # Standard deviation
sd(USDA$Sodium, na.rm = TRUE)[1] 1045基本繪圖 Video 4 - Plots
點狀圖：蛋白質 vs. 脂肪
# Scatter Plots
plot(USDA$Protein, USDA$TotalFat)
# Add xlabel, ylabel and title
plot(USDA$Protein, USDA$TotalFat,
xlab="Protein", ylab = "Fat",
main = "Protein vs Fat", col = "red")
直方圖：維他命C
# Creating a histogram
hist(USDA$VitaminC, xlab = "Vitamin C (mg)", main = "Histogram of Vitamin C")
# Add limits to x-axis
hist(USDA$VitaminC, xlab = "Vitamin C (mg)",
main = "Histogram of Vitamin C", xlim = c(0,100))
# Specify breaks of histogram
hist(USDA$VitaminC, xlab = "Vitamin C (mg)",
main = "Histogram of Vitamin C", xlim = c(0,100), breaks=100)
hist(USDA$VitaminC, xlab = "Vitamin C (mg)",
main = "Histogram of Vitamin C", xlim = c(0,100), breaks=2000)
盒狀圖：糖分
# Boxplots
boxplot(USDA$Sugar, ylab = "Sugar (g)", main = "Boxplot of Sugar")
定義新欄位 Video 5 - Adding a variable
# Creating a variable that takes value 1 if the food has higher sodium
HighSodium = as.numeric(USDA$Sodium > mean(USDA$Sodium, na.rm=TRUE))HighSodium = as.numeric(USDA$Sodium > mean(USDA$Sodium, na.rm=TRUE))# Adding the variable to the dataset
USDA$HighSodium = as.numeric(USDA$Sodium > mean(USDA$Sodium, na.rm=TRUE))# Similarly for HighProtein, HigCarbs, HighFat
USDA$HighCarbs = as.numeric(USDA$Carbohydrate > mean(USDA$Carbohydrate, na.rm=TRUE))USDA$HighProtein = as.numeric(USDA$Protein > mean(USDA$Protein, na.rm=TRUE))USDA$HighFat = as.numeric(USDA$TotalFat > mean(USDA$TotalFat, na.rm=TRUE))分類計數與分類統計量 Video 6 - Summary Tables
📝 練習：
以下的運算式分別代表什麼意思 …
■ table(USDA$HighSodium)
■ table(USDA$HighSodium, USDA$HighFat)
■ tapply(USDA$Iron, USDA$HighProtein, mean, na.rm=TRUE)
■ tapply(USDA$VitaminC, USDA$HighCarbs, max, na.rm=TRUE)
■ tapply(USDA$VitaminC, USDA$HighCarbs, summary, na.rm=TRUE)
📋: 低、高鹽食品的個數
table(USDA$HighSodium)
0 1
4884 2090 📋: 答案
table(USDA$HighSodium, USDA$HighFat)
0 1
0 3529 1355
1 1378 712📋: 答案
tapply(USDA$Iron, USDA$HighProtein, mean, na.rm=TRUE) 0 1
2.559 3.197 📋: 答案
tapply(USDA$VitaminC, USDA$HighCarbs, max, na.rm=TRUE) 0 1
1678 2400 📋: 答案
tapply(USDA$VitaminC, USDA$HighCarbs, summary, na.rm=TRUE)$`0`
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 2.8 1677.6 248
$`1`
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
0.0 0.0 0.2 16.3 4.5 2400.0 83